The Indian Government brought four Labour Codes into effect on November 21, 2025, which replace 29 separate laws and create four consolidated frameworks governing wages, social security, industrial relations and workplace safety across India.
For the platform-based economy, this is the first time gig and platform workers are formally recognised in labour legislation after years of operating without a clear legal category.
Importantly, the notification covers key categories such as gig and platform workers, Information Technology (IT) workers, Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) workers, audio-visual workers and digital-media workers, among others.
It changes how these sectors issue contracts, release salaries, maintain records and meet compliance obligations.
Gig and platform work gets a legal category
The Code on Social Security, 2020, introduces definitions for gig workers, platform workers and aggregators. This moves app-based work into a recognised legal space instead of leaving it outside labour-law systems.
Additionally, aggregators such as Zomato, Swiggy, Ola, Uber, Blinkit and Zepto must contribute between 1% and 2% of their annual turnover to a social security fund. This contribution is currently capped at 5% of the amount payable to gig and platform workers.
Notably, this is the first time platforms employing gig workers face a statutory contribution at the national level. However, the government announcement does not specifically list the schemes or benefits that will apply for these workers.
Aadhaar-linked Universal Account Number and national databases
Notably, the Code on Social Security introduces an Aadhaar-linked Universal Account Number (UAN) for every worker. The government says this will allow portability when workers move across states or between platforms and employers. Furthermore, a national database for unorganised workers is part of this framework, and gig workers can self-register.
One must note that these provisions aim to create a unified identity system. However, the latest government notification does not describe how the UAN will be generated, updated or linked to multiple work arrangements.
Platform compliance responsibilities expand
Platforms will now follow a single registration and single return process instead of multiple filings. The Codes refer to web-based inspections and electronic systems for licensing and compliance. Additionally, establishments that employ even one person in hazardous processes must register under the Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC). Notably, coverage for this extends across all districts of the country.
The Labour Codes document notes that gig and platform workers can opt into ESIC. However, it does not explain how contribution levels or eligibility rules will work or what medical benefits will be available.
Changes for IT, ITES and digital media workers
The Code on Wages, 2019, requires employers to…
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