Robby Stein, Vice President of Product for Google Search, recently sat down for an interview where he answered questions about how Google’s AI Mode handles quality, how Google evaluates helpfulness, and how it leverages its experience with search to identify which content is helpful, including metrics like clicks. He also outlined five quality SEO-related factors used for AI Mode.

How Google Controls Hallucinations

Stein answered a question about hallucinations, where an AI lies in its answers. He said that the quality systems within AI Mode are based on everything Google has learned about quality from 25 years of experience with classic search. The systems that determine what links to show and whether content is good are encoded within the model and are based on Google’s experience with classic search.

The interviewer asked:

“These models are non-deterministic and they hallucinate occasionally… how do you protect against that? How do you make sure the core experience of searching on Google remains consistent and high quality?”

Robby Stein answered:

“Yeah, I mean, the good news is this is not new. While AI and generative AI in this way is frontier, thinking about quality systems for information is something that’s been happening for 20, 25 years.

And so all of these AI systems are built on top of those. There’s an incredibly rigorous approach to understanding, for a given question, is this good information? Are these the right links? Are these the right things that a user would value?

What’s all the signals and information that are available to know what the best things are to show someone. That’s all encoded in the model and how the model’s reasoning and using Google search as a tool to find you information.

So it’s building on that history. It’s not starting from scratch because it’s able to say, oh, okay, Robbie wants to go on this trip and is looking up cool restaurants in some neighborhood.

What are the things that people who are doing that have been relying on on Google for all these years? We kind of know what those resources are we can show you right there. And so I think that helps a lot.

And then obviously the models, now that you release the constraint on layout, obviously the models over time have also become just better at instruction following as well. And so you can actually just define, hey, here are my primitives, here are my design guidelines. Don’t do this, do this.

And of course it makes mistakes at times, but I think just the quality of the model has gotten so strong that those are much less likely to happen now.”

Stein’s explanation makes clear that AI Mode is encoded with everything learned from Google’s classic search systems rather than a rebuild from scratch or a break from them. The risk of hallucinations is managed by grounding AI answers in the same relevance, trust, and usefulness signals that have underpin classic search for decades. Those signals continue to determine which…


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Last Update: December 18, 2025