• 1. The capabilities of AI models are improving

    A host of new AI models – the technology that underpins tools like chatbots – were released last year, including OpenAI’s GPT-5, Anthropic’s Claude Opus 4.5 and Google’s Gemini 3. The report points to new “reasoning systems” – which solve problems by breaking them down into smaller steps – showing improved performance in maths, coding and science. Bengio said there has been a “very significant jump” in AI reasoning. Last year, systems developed by Google and OpenAI achieved a gold-level performance in the International Mathematical Olympiad – a first for AI.

    However, the report says AI capabilities remain “jagged”, referring to systems displaying astonishing prowess in some areas but not in others. While advanced AI systems are impressive at maths, science, coding and creating images, they remain prone to making false statements, or “hallucinations”, and cannot carry out lengthy projects autonomously.

    Nonetheless, the report cites a study showing that AI systems are rapidly improving their ability to carry out certain software engineering tasks – with their duration doubling every seven months. If that rate of progress continues, AI systems could complete tasks lasting several hours by 2027 and several days by 2030. This is the scenario under which AI becomes a real threat to jobs.

    But for now, says the report, “reliable automation of long or complex tasks remains infeasible”.


  • 2. Deepfakes are improving and proliferating

    The report describes the growth of deepfake pornography as a “particular concern”, citing a study showing that 15% of UK adults have seen such images. It adds that since the publication of the inaugural safety report in January 2025, AI-generated content has become “harder to distinguish from real content” and points to a study last year in which 77% of participants misidentified text generated by ChatGPT as being human-written.

    The report says there is limited evidence of malicious actors using AI to manipulate people, or of internet users sharing such content widely – a key aim of any manipulation campaign.


  • 3. AI companies have introduced biological and chemical risk safeguards

    Anthropic has released models with heightened safety measures. Photograph: Dado Ruvić/Reuters

    Big AI developers, including Anthropic, have released models with heightened safety measures after being unable to rule out the possibility that they could help novices create biological weapons. Over the past year, AI “co-scientists” have become increasingly capable, including providing detailed scientific information and assisting with complex laboratory procedures such as designing molecules and proteins.

    The report adds that some studies suggest AI can provide substantially more help in bioweapons development than simply browsing the internet, but more work is needed to confirm those results.

    Biological and chemical risks pose a dilemma for politicians, the report…


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    Last Update: February 3, 2026